How To Repair Av Fistula In L Temporal Lobe

Aberrant connection between two epithelialized surfaces, often organs

Medical condition

Fistula

Intestinal CT scan with right colocutaneous fistula and associated subcutaneous pneumatosis
Pronunciation	^[1] ^[2]
Specialty	General surgery

A fistula (plural: fistulas or fistulae ; from Latin fistula, "tube, piping") in anatomy is an abnormal connection between two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as claret vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs.^[ii] ^[3] ^[four] Types of fistula can be described by their location. Anal fistulas connect between the anal canal and the perianal skin. Anovaginal or rectovaginal fistulas occur when a pigsty develops between the anus or rectum and the vagina. Colovaginal fistulas occur between the colon and the vagina. Urinary tract fistulas are aberrant openings within the urinary tract or an abnormal connexion between the urinary tract and some other organ such as between the float and the uterus in a vesicouterine fistula, between the bladder and the vagina in a vesicovaginal fistula, and between the urethra and the vagina in urethrovaginal fistula. When occurring between two parts of the intestine, it is known equally an enteroenteral fistula, between the small-scale intestine and the skin every bit an enterocutaneous fistula, and betwixt the colon and the skin as a colocutaneous fistula.^[3]

Fistulas can consequence from an infection or inflammation, injury or surgery.^[5] Fistulas are sometimes surgically created equally role of a treatment, for example arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis.^[vi]

Treatment for fistula varies depending on the crusade and extent of the fistula, but often involves surgical intervention combined with antibiotic therapy. In some cases the fistula is temporarily covered using a fibrin glue or plug. Catheters may be required to bleed a fistula.^[iii]

Globally, every year between fifty,000 and 100,000 women are affected by fistula relating to childbirth.^[7] In botany, the term is most mutual in its adjectival forms, where it is used in binomial names to refer to species that are distinguished by hollow or tubular structures. Monarda fistulosa, for example, has tubular flowers.^[8] The term was first used in the 14th century.^[ii]

Definition [edit]

A fistula is an abnormal connexion betwixt vessels or organs that do not usually connect. Information technology can be due to a disease or trauma, or purposely surgically created.^[3] ^[five]

Classification [edit]

Diverse types of fistulas include:

Bullheaded: Only one open up end; may also be chosen sinus tracts.^[5]
Complete: Both internal and external openings.^[5]
Incomplete: An external skin opening that does not connect to any internal organ.^[5]

Although almost fistulas are in forms of a tube, some tin too take multiple branches.^{[ citation needed ]}

Location [edit]

Types of fistula tin can exist described by their location. Anal fistulas connect between the epithelialized surface of the anal canal and the perianal skin. Anovaginal or rectovaginal fistulas occur when a hole develops betwixt the anus or rectum and the vagina. Colovaginal fistulas occur between the colon and the vagina. Urinary tract fistulas are abnormal openings inside the urinary tract or an abnormal connectedness between the urinary tract and another organ such every bit between the bladder and the uterus in a vesicouterine fistula, betwixt the bladder and the vagina in a vesicovaginal fistula, and betwixt the urethra and the vagina in urethrovaginal fistula. When occurring betwixt two parts of the intestine, it is known equally an enteroenteral fistula, between the minor intestine and the skin as an enterocutaneous fistula, and betwixt the pocket-size intestine and the colon as a colocutaneous fistula.^[three]

The following listing is sorted by the International Statistical Nomenclature of Diseases and Related Health Problems.

H: Diseases of the centre, adnexa, ear, and mastoid process [edit]

(H04.half-dozen) Lacrimal fistula
(H05.81) Carotid clangorous fistula
(H70.1) Mastoid fistula
- Craniosinus fistula: between the intracranial infinite and a paranasal sinus
(H83.1) Labyrinthine fistula
- Perilymph fistula: tear between the membranes between the middle and inner ears
Preauricular fistula
- Preauricular fistula: usually on the top of the cristae helicis of the ears

I: Diseases of the circulatory system [edit]

(I25.4) Coronary arteriovenous fistula, acquired
(I28.0) Arteriovenous fistula of pulmonary vessels
- Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula: between an artery and vein of the lungs, resulting in shunting of blood. This results in improperly oxygenated blood.
(I67.ane) Cerebral arteriovenous fistula, acquired
(I77.0) Arteriovenous fistula, acquired
(I77.2) Fistula of artery

J: Diseases of the respiratory arrangement [edit]

(J86.0) Pyothorax with fistula
(J95.0) Tracheoesophageal fistula, between the trachea and the esophagus. This may exist congenital or acquired, for instance as a complication of a tracheostomy.

K: Diseases of the digestive system [edit]

(K11.four) Salivary gland fistula
(K31.half-dozen) Fistula of stomach and duodenum
(K31.vi) Gastrocolic fistula
(K31.half-dozen) Gastrojejunocolic fistula – afterwards a Billroth II a fistula forms between the transverse colon and the upper jejunum (which, post Billroth II, is attached to the residuum of the stomach). Fecal matter passes improperly from the colon to the stomach and causes halitosis.
- Enterocutaneous fistula: betwixt the intestine and the skin surface, namely from the duodenum or the jejunum or the ileum. This definition excludes the fistulas arising from the colon or the appendix.
- Gastric fistula: from the tum to the skin surface
(K38.3) Fistula of appendix
(K60) Anal and rectal fissures and fistulas
- (K60.3) Anal fistula
- (K60.5) Anorectal fistula (fecal fistula, fistula-in-ano): connecting the rectum or other anorectal expanse to the skin surface. This results in abnormal discharge of feces through an opening other than the anus.
(K63.two) Fistula of intestine
- Enteroenteral fistula: between ii parts of the intestine
(K82.3) Fistula of gallbladder
(K83.three) Fistula of bile duct
- Biliary fistula: connecting the bile ducts to the skin surface, often acquired by gallbladder surgery
- Pancreatic fistula: betwixt the pancreas and the exterior via the intestinal wall

Yard: Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue [edit]

(M25.1) Fistula of joint

N: Diseases of the urogenital arrangement [edit]

(N32.1) Vesicointestinal fistula
(N36.0) Urethral fistula
- Innora:between the prostatic utricle and the exterior of the trunk
(N64.0) Fistula of nipple
(N82) Fistulae involving female genital tract / Obstetric fistula
- (N82.0) Vesicovaginal fistula: between the float and the vagina
- (N82.ane) Other female person urinary-genital tract fistulae
  - Cervical fistula: abnormal opening in the neck
- (N82.2) Fistula of vagina to small intestine
  - Enterovaginal fistula: betwixt the intestine and the vagina
- (N82.3) Fistula of vagina to large intestine
  - Rectovaginal: between the rectum and the vagina
- (N82.4) Other female intestinal-genital tract fistulae
- (N82.5) Female genital tract-peel fistulae
- (N82.8) Other female person genital tract fistulae
- (N82.9) Female genital tract fistula, unspecified

Q: Built malformations, deformations and chromosomal abnormalities [edit]

(Q18.0) Sinus, fistula and cyst of branchial fissure
- Congenital preauricular fistula: A small-scale pit in front end of the ear. As well known as an ear pit or preauricular sinus.
(Q26.half-dozen) Portal vein-hepatic artery fistula
(Q38.0) Congenital fistula of lip
(Q38.4) Congenital fistula of salivary gland
(Q42.0) Congenital absence, atresia and stenosis of rectum with fistula
(Q42.two) Built absence, atresia and stenosis of anus with fistula
(Q43.half-dozen) Congenital fistula of rectum and anus
(Q51.seven) Congenital fistulae betwixt uterus and digestive and urinary tracts
(Q52.2) Congenital rectovaginal fistula

T: External causes [edit]

(T14.5) Traumatic arteriovenous fistula
(T81.8) Persistent postoperative fistula

Causes [edit]

Disease: Infections including an anorectal abscess and inflammatory diseases including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis tin effect in fistulas.^[ix] ^[x] Fistulas to the anus may occur in hidradenitis suppurativa.^[11] In women, fistulas can also occur following pelvic infection and inflammation.^[9]

Probed surgically excised gastrocutaneous fistula tract, that resulted from a previous gastrostomy tube.

Surgical and medical treatment: Complications from gallbladder surgery can lead to biliary fistulas.^[12] Likewise every bit being built or resulting from trauma, arteriovenous fistulas are created purposefully for hemodialysis.^[6] Radiation therapy to the pelvis tin pb to vesicovaginal fistulas.^[9] Persistent gastrocutenaous fistulas tin develop later gastrostomy.^[thirteen]
Trauma: Prolonged childbirth can pb to fistulas in women, in whom abnormal connections may occur between the bladder and vagina, or the rectum and vagina.^[9] An obstetric fistula develops when blood supply to the tissues of the vagina and the bladder (and/or rectum) is cut off during prolonged obstructed labor. The tissues die and a pigsty forms through which urine and/or feces pass uncontrollably. Vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistulas may also be caused past rape, in particular gang rape, and rape with strange objects, every bit evidenced by the abnormally high number of women in disharmonize areas who have suffered fistulae.^[14] ^[15] In 2003, thousands of women in eastern Congo presented themselves for treatment of traumatic fistulas caused by systematic, violent gang rape, oft also with sharp objects that occurred during the state'south 5 years of war. So many cases have been reported that the devastation of the vagina is considered a war injury and recorded past doctors equally a offense of combat.^[sixteen] Head trauma can pb to perilymph fistulas, whereas trauma to other parts of the body can cause arteriovenous fistulas.^[17]

Handling [edit]

Handling for fistula varies depending on the cause and extent of the fistula, merely oft involves surgical intervention combined with antibody therapy. In some cases the fistula is temporarily covered, using a fibrin mucilage or plug. Catheters may be required to drain a fistula.^[3]

Surgery is often required to clinch adequate drainage of the fistula (and then that pus may escape without forming an abscess). Various surgical procedures are used, most commonly fistulotomy, placement of a seton (a cord that is passed through the path of the fistula to keep it open for draining), or an endorectal flap procedure (where healthy tissue is pulled over the internal side of the fistula to keep feces or other material from reinfecting the aqueduct).^[18]

Management involves treating any underlying causative condition. For example, surgical treatment of fistulae in Crohn's affliction can exist constructive, merely if the Crohn's affliction itself is not treated, the rate of recurrence of the fistula is very high (well above 50%).

Therapeutic utilize [edit]

In people with kidney failure, requiring dialysis, a cimino fistula is often deliberately created in the arm by means of a short day surgery in order to let easier withdrawal of blood for hemodialysis.^{[ citation needed ]}

As a radical treatment for portal hypertension, surgical creation of a portacaval fistula produces an anastomosis between the hepatic portal vein and the junior vena cava across the omental foramen (of Winslow). This spares the portal venous system from loftier pressure which tin crusade esophageal varices, caput medusae, and hemorrhoids.^{[ citation needed ]}

Epidemiology [edit]

Globally, every year between 50,000 to 100,000 women are affected by fistula relating to childbirth.^[7]

Phytology [edit]

In botany, the term is most common in its adjectival forms, where it is used in binomial names to refer to species that are distinguished by hollow or tubular structures. Monarda fistulosa, for example, has tubular flowers;^[viii] Eutrochium fistulosum has a tubular stem; Allium fistulosum has hollow or tubular leaves, and Acacia seyal subsp. fistula is the subspecies with hollow spines.^{[ citation needed ]}

Society and culture [edit]

The term was first used in the 14th century.^[2]

References [edit]

^ Oxford English Lexicon. OED 2nd edition, 1989. (subscription required)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Definition of Fistula". www.merriam-webster.com . Retrieved 28 Dec 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "What Is A Fistula? Types, causes and treatments explained". Urinary incontinence teaching; National Association for Continence . Retrieved 28 December 2022.
^ Garefalakis, Maria; Hickey, Martha; Johnson, Neil (2016). "Gynecological Morbidity". In Quah, Stella R.; Cockerham, William C. (eds.). International Encyclopedia of Public Health (Second ed.). Elsevier. pp. 342–353. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803678-five.00178-eight. ISBN978-0-12-803678-5. A fistula is an aberrant connection or passageway between organs or vessels that are not unremarkably continued.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Rao, Jyotsna (2019). "Department 2. General Surgery: Wounds, Sinuses, Fistulae". Qrs for Bds Three Yr-East Book (3rd ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 256. ISBN978-81-312-5535-3.
^ ^a ^b "Arteriovenous fistula - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic . Retrieved 2019-12-05 .
^ ^a ^b "Obstetric fistula". www.who.int.
^ ^a ^b Identification of Monarda fistulosa Archived 2022-03-04 at the Wayback Machine subpage of Discover Life Archived 2022-03-04 at the Wayback Machine , 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Fistulas: What are Fistulas? Fistulas Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis - UCLA". www.uclahealth.org . Retrieved 29 December 2022.
^ Carr, S; Velasco, AL (January 2022). "Fistula In Ano". StatPearls Publishing. PMID 32491449.
^ Seksik, Philippe; Contou, Jean-Francois; Cosnes, Anne; Cosnes, Jacques (2006). "7. Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Crohn's Disease". In Jemec, Gregor B. E.; Revuz, Jean; Leyden, James J. (eds.). Hidradenitis Suppurativa. Springer. p. 53. ISBN978-3-540-33100-ane.
^ Crespi, Yard.; Montecamozzo, Thousand.; Foschi, D. (2021-06-02). "Diagnosis and Treatment of Biliary Fistulas in the Laparoscopic Era". Gastroenterology Research and Practice. 2016: ane–half dozen. doi:10.1155/2016/6293538. PMC4706943. PMID 26819608.
^ Singhal, Shashideep MD2; Malieckal, Anju MD2; Culliford, Andrea MD1 Over the Scope Clip (OTSC) Closure of Persistently Leaking Gastrocutaneous Fistula afterwards Failed Conventional Endoscopic Clipping Presidential Poster, American Journal of Gastroenterology: October 2022 - Volume 107 - Issue - p S532-S533
^ "Stephanie Nolen, "Not Women Anymore…" Ms. Magazine, Spring 2005". Archived from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2007-12-eleven .
^ UNFPA: United Nations Population Fund. Press Release, 22 June 2006. "More Funding Needed to Help Victims of Sexual Violence"
^ Emily Wax, Washington Mail service Strange Service. Sat, October 25, 2003; Page A01 "A Fell Legacy of Congo War"
^ Nagpal, Kamal; Ahmed, Kamran; Cuschieri, RJ (2021-06-02). "Diagnosis and direction of astute traumatic arteriovenous fistula". The International Journal of Angiology. 17 (4): 214–216. doi:10.1055/southward-0031-1278313. PMC2728918. PMID 22477453.
^ Golub, R (1997). "Endorectal mucosal advancement flap: the preferred method for complex cryptoglandular fistula-in-ano". Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery. Elsevier BV. 1 (v): 487–491. doi:ten.1016/s1091-255x(97)80138-two. ISSN 1091-255X. PMID 17061335. S2CID 19188977.

External links [edit]

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fistula

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